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・ Francisco de Ceballos
・ Francisco de Chicora
・ Francisco de Comontes
・ Francisco de Cubas
・ Francisco de Cuellar
・ Francisco de Córcoles y Martínez
・ Francisco de Eliza
・ Francisco de Enciso Zárate
・ Francisco de Enzinas
・ Francisco de Figueroa
・ Francisco de Freytas
・ Francisco de Garay
・ Francisco de Guruceaga Iturriza
・ Francisco de Haro
・ Francisco de Hoces
Francisco de Holanda
・ Francisco de Ibarra
・ Francisco de Icaza
・ Francisco de Jesus
・ Francisco de la Cuesta
・ Francisco de la Cueva
・ Francisco de la Cámara y Raya
・ Francisco de la Dehesa
・ Francisco de la Guerra y de la Vega
・ Francisco de la Lastra
・ Francisco de la Mora y Ceballos
・ Francisco de la O
・ Francisco de la Rosa
・ Francisco de la Torre
・ Francisco de la Torre (fencer)


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Francisco de Holanda : ウィキペディア英語版
Francisco de Holanda

Francisco de Holanda (originally ''Francisco d'Olanda;'' 6 September 1517 – June 1587) was a court painter, architect, and sculptor for John III of Portugal and later for Sebastian of Portugal. He was considered to be one of the most important figures of the Portuguese Renaissance. Francisco was also an essayist, architect, and historian. He represented the intelligible reality of the Holy Trinity through a "hypothetical" syntax of geometrical figures. Even though he insisted on the contrast between the ideal plane, the incorporeal form and the "imperfect copy in the terrestrial zone", his visual language betrayed its genealogical indebtedness to the mixed sciences of Neoplatonism, Christian Kabbalah, and Lullism.〔Deswarte p. 22〕 As far as education was concerned, the privileged place 'Holanda' gives to mathematics and geometry anticipates Clavius's reforms of the late 16th century. Sylvie Deswarte said that "Francisco de Holanda gives a privileged place to cosmography and astrology in the education of the painter. On par with geometry, mathematics and perspective, he recommended them () in order to reach the heavens in the hope of one day arriving to the Empyreum and realizing celestial works".〔Deswarte p. 24〕
== Biography ==

Francisco de Holanda was born in Lisbon, and began his career as an illuminator, following in the footsteps of his father, António d'Holanda, a royal illuminator. He studied in Italy between 1538 and 1547, during which he frequented the circle of Vittoria Colonna, one of the notables of the Italian Renaissance. Colonna provided him with access to some of the greatest artists of his period such as Parmigianino, Giambologna, and most importantly, Michelangelo, who introduced him to classicism.
Returning to Portugal, he obtained various commissions from the Cardinal-Archbishop of Évora, and of the Portuguese kings, John III (1521-1557) and Sebastian (1568-1578). Francisco died in Lisbon Portugal on June 19, 1585 at the age of 67.

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